Air delivery conduit

ABSTRACT

An air delivery conduit includes first and second conduit portions that cooperate to form the conduit, each conduit portion including an inner layer of a film laminate that forms an interior surface of the conduit and an outer layer of a textile that forms an exterior surface of the conduit.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/124,878, filed Dec. 9, 2013, which was the U.S. national phase ofInternational Application No. PCT/AU2012/000667, filed Jun. 8, 2012,which designated the U.S. and claimed the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/457,810, filed Jun. 8, 2011 and U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/635,351, filed Apr. 19, 2012. Each applicationmentioned above is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The present technology relates to air delivery conduits used in PositiveAirway Pressure (PAP) systems for treatment, e.g., of Sleep DisorderedBreathing (SDB) with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) orNon-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV).

BACKGROUND OF TECHNOLOGY

PAP systems to deliver breathable gas to a patient typically include apositive airway pressure (PAP) device, an air or gas delivery conduit,and a patient interface. In use, the air delivery conduit deliverspressurized air or gas from the PAP device to the patient interface incontact with the patient's face.

The present technology provides improvements to known air deliveryconduits.

SUMMARY OF TECHNOLOGY

One aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit for use in the delivery of a supply of air or breathable gas toa patient, e.g., for treatment of respiratory disorders.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit in the form of conduit headgear structured to be worn on thepatient's head in use and at least partially support a patient interfacein a desired position on the patient's face in use.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit that is comfortable, occlusion resistant, kink resistant, and/orlow cost. For example, the air delivery conduit may be sufficientlycomfortable to lie on and adapted to provide a supply of air at pressurewhen a portion is being lain on by the patient.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit that includes three-dimensional shaping to provide minimalassembly complexity, minimal possibility of occlusion by kink and/orcompression force, and/or out-of-box intuitiveness (e.g., shape holding,easy to fit and adjust with little or no adjustment). For example, theair delivery conduit may include structural integrity or a self-holdingform so it holds the conduit's shape, e.g., shape memory, whether theconduit is on or off the patient's head.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit that is formed of one or more materials that provide intimateand comfortable contact with the patient's face. For example, the airdelivery conduit may be a textile conduit or a conduit including one ormore portions with textile in its construction. Also, the conduit mayinclude one or more portions constructed of other suitable materials,e.g., silicone, foam, etc.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit having first and second conduit portions that cooperate to forma conduit, wherein each conduit portion includes an inner sealing layerand an outer textile layer.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to a method offorming an air delivery conduit by blow molding at least one material toform a conduit.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit including a tube having a plurality of anti-crush nodulesdisposed therein.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit having a substrate (e.g., a rigid substrate) disposed inside theconduit for providing crush-resistance to the conduit.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to a method offorming an air delivery conduit including enclosing a substrate (e.g., arigid substrate) in the conduit to provide crush-resistance to theconduit.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit including a conduit having an internal cavity for deliveringpressurized air, and one or more particles disposed in the internalcavity for defining one or more passages.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit including a tubular conduit constructed of spacer fabric andhaving one or more passages for conveying pressurized air.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to a method offorming an air delivery conduit including forming a tubular conduit, andenclosing a spacer fabric in the conduit to provide crush-resistance tothe conduit.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit including a tubular conduit constructed of a warp knitted fabrichaving a high fabric density.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to an air deliveryconduit including a tubular conduit for delivering pressurized air andincluding at least one dividing wall separating the conduit into atleast two air conveying channels.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to a method offorming an air delivery conduit including a step of warp knitting afabric into at least two adjoining tubular channels.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to a mask assemblyfor treating sleep disordered breathing including an air deliveryconduit according to any aspect of the disclosed technology.

Another aspect of the disclosed technology relates to a method offorming an air delivery tubular conduit comprising forming a supportstructure on or as part of a textile substrate, the support structurecomprising one or more ribs or reinforcing members or portions, andforming the delivery tubular conduit using at least a portion of thetextile substrate.

Other aspects, features, and advantages of the disclosed technology willbecome apparent from the following detailed description when taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are a part of thisdisclosure and which illustrate, by way of example, principles of thedisclosed technology.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings facilitate an understanding of the variousexamples of the disclosed technology. In such drawings:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a patient interface including conduitheadgear according to an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a patient interface including conduitheadgear according to another example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a patient interface including conduitheadgear according to another example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a patient interface including conduitheadgear according to another example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a patient interface including conduitheadgear according to another example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a patient interface including conduitheadgear according to another example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of an air delivery conduit of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an air delivery conduit according to anexample of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the conduit of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the conduit of FIG. 8;

FIGS. 11 to 14 illustrate exemplary steps for manufacturing the conduitof FIG. 8 according to an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 15 another exploded view of the conduit of FIG. 8;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an air delivery conduit according to anexample of the disclosed technology;

FIGS. 17 to 20 are alternative views of the conduit of FIG. 16;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the conduit of FIG. 16;

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the conduit of FIG. 16 according toan alternative example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of an air delivery conduit accordingto an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 24 is an exploded view of the conduit of FIG. 23;

FIG. 25 is another exploded view of the conduit of FIG. 23;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a tube for the conduit of FIG. 23according to an alternative example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a tube for the conduit of FIG. 23according to an alternative example of the disclosed technology;

FIGS. 28 to 31 show tubes for the conduit of FIG. 23 with nodulesaccording to alternative examples of the disclosed technology;

FIGS. 32 to 37 show tubes for the conduit of FIG. 23 with nodulearrangements according to alternative examples of the disclosedtechnology;

FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view of an air delivery conduit accordingto an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 39 is an exploded view of the conduit of FIG. 38;

FIG. 40 is another exploded view of the conduit of FIG. 38;

FIG. 40-1 is a partial view of the substrate of FIG. 40 showing a cuffformed thereon according to an example of the disclosed technology;

FIGS. 41 and 42 are perspective views of substrates for the conduit ofFIG. 38 according to alternative examples of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 43 is a top view of the substrate of FIG. 42;

FIG. 44 is an exploded view of an air delivery conduit according to anexample of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 45 is a top view of the conduit of FIG. 44;

FIG. 46 is a side view of the conduit of FIG. 44;

FIG. 47 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 47-47 of theconduit in FIG. 45;

FIG. 48 is a rear end view of the conduit of FIG. 44;

FIG. 49 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 49-49 of theconduit in FIG. 46;

FIG. 50-1 is a partial side view of the substrate of the air deliveryconduit of FIG. 44;

FIG. 50-2 is an end view of the substrate of the air delivery conduit ofFIG. 44;

FIG. 51 is a cross-sectional view of an air delivery conduit accordingto an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 52 is a perspective view of the conduit of FIG. 51;

FIGS. 53-1 to 53-3 are cross-sectional views of an air delivery conduitand a method of making the air delivery conduit according to an exampleof the disclosed technology;

FIG. 54 is an exploded view of the conduit of FIG. 53;

FIG. 55 shows a spacer fabric for the conduit of FIG. 53 according to analternative example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 56 is a cross-sectional view of a spacer fabric in accordance withan alternative example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 57 is a perspective view of the spacer fabric of FIG. 56;

FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional view of the spacer fabric of FIG. 57according to an alternative example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 59 is an exploded view of an air delivery conduit according to anexample of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 60 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the conduit of FIG. 59;

FIG. 61 is a cross-sectional view of the conduit of FIG. 59;

FIG. 62 is a cross-sectional view of a spacer fabric in accordance withan alternative example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 63 is a cross-sectional view of a spacer fabric in accordance withan alternative example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 64 is a perspective view of the spacer fabric of FIG. 63;

FIG. 65 is a cross-sectional view of the spacer fabric of FIG. 63according to an alternative example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 66 is an exploded cross-sectional view of an air delivery conduitaccording to an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 67 is an exploded perspective view of the conduit of FIG. 66;

FIG. 68 is a cross-sectional view of the conduit of FIG. 66;

FIGS. 69-71 show spacer fabrics for the conduit of FIG. 53 according toalternative examples of the disclosed technology;

FIGS. 72 and 73 are cross-sectional views of air delivery conduitsaccording to examples of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 74 is a perspective view of the air delivery conduit of FIG. 72;

FIG. 75 is a perspective view of the air delivery conduit of FIG. 73;

FIG. 76 is a perspective view of the air delivery conduit of FIG. 73,shown in a flat configuration;

FIG. 77-1 shows a process of forming an air delivery conduit accordingto an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 77-1A is a partial perspective view of the air delivery conduit ofFIG. 77-1;

FIG. 77-2 shows a process of forming an air delivery conduit accordingto an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 77-2A is a partial perspective view of the air delivery conduit ofFIG. 77-2A;

FIG. 77-2B is a partial perspective view of an air delivery conduitaccording to another example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 78-1 is a perspective view of a textile substrate according to anexample of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 78-2 is a perspective view of a textile substrate according to anexample of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 78-3 shows a process of forming a textile substrate into an airdelivery conduit according to an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 78-4 is a perspective view of an air delivery conduit according toan example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 78-5 is a perspective view of an air delivery conduit according toan example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 79-1 is a partial perspective view of an air delivery conduitaccording to an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 79-2 is a partial perspective view of an air delivery conduitaccording to an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 80-1 shows a process of forming a support structure on a textilesubstrate according to an example of the disclosed technology;

FIG. 80-2 shows a process of forming a support structure on a textilesubstrate according to an example of the disclosed technology; and

FIG. 80-3 shows a process of forming a textile substrate according to anexample of the disclosed technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EXAMPLES

The following description is provided in relation to several examples(most of which are illustrated, some of which may not) which may sharecommon characteristics and features. It is to be understood that one ormore features of any one example may be combinable with one or morefeatures of the other examples. In addition, any single feature orcombination of features in any of the examples may constitute additionalexamples.

In this specification, the word “comprising” is to be understood in its“open” sense, that is, in the sense of “including”, and thus not limitedto its “closed” sense, that is the sense of “consisting only of”. Acorresponding meaning is to be attributed to the corresponding words“comprise”, “comprised” and “comprises” where they appear.

The term “air” will be taken to include breathable gases, for exampleair with supplemental oxygen.

One or more examples may include exemplary dimensions. Although specificdimensions and ranges may be provided, it is to be understood that thesedimensions and ranges are merely exemplary and other dimensions andranges are possible depending on application. For example, ranges thatvary from those provided +/−10% may be suitable for particularapplications.

PAP System

A PAP system (e.g., CPAP system) typically includes a PAP device(including a blower for generating air at positive pressure), an airdelivery conduit (also referred to as a tube or tubing), and a patientinterface adapted to form a seal with the patient's face. In use, thePAP device generates a supply of pressurized air (e.g., 2-30 cm H₂O)that is delivered to the patient interface via the air delivery conduit.The patient interface or mask may have suitable configurations as isknown in the art, e.g., full-face mask, nasal mask, oro-nasal mask,mouth mask, nasal prongs, nozzles, cradle, etc. Also, headgear may beutilized to comfortably support the patient interface in a desiredposition on the patient's face.

Conduit Headgear

Examples of the disclosed technology relate to an air delivery conduitin the form of conduit headgear structured to be worn on the patient'shead in use and at least partially support the patient interface in adesired position on the patient's face in use. For example, one or moreair delivery conduits may be communicated with the patient interface todeliver breathable gas to the patient interface and at least partiallysupport the patient interface in position.

The air delivery conduit may be connected to a strap, the strapsupporting or partially supporting the patient interface in a desiredposition on the patient's face in use.

Alternatively, the air delivery conduit may not be worn on the patient'shead.

The one or more air delivery conduits may be routed along the patient'shead in alternative manners. For example, the one or more air deliveryconduits may be routed above the ears, below the ears, above and belowthe ears (multiple paths), or over the patient's nose/nasal bridge,between the patient's eyes, and over the patient's forehead. In analternative form, the one or more air delivery conduits may be routedfrom the patient's airway and down over the chin towards the neck andchest of the patient.

The one or more air delivery conduits may have a diameter of 15 mm orless. The one or more air delivery conduits may have a diameter of 12 mmor less. The one or more air delivery conduits may have a diameter of 9mm or less.

In an example, a single air delivery conduit may be communicated withthe patient interface. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a first end20(1) of the conduit 20 may be adapted to engage an inlet of the patientinterface 10 (e.g., nose (e.g. pillows) and mouth seal arrangement) andthe second end 20(2) may be adapted to engage the outlet of a PAPdevice. As illustrated, the conduit 20 wraps around the patient's headso it extends along the patient's cheeks and under their ears to theback of their head. Also, a headgear strap 40 may pass over thepatient's head and engage the conduit 20 to further support the patientinterface and conduit in position.

In FIG. 2, a first end of the conduit 120 may be adapted to engage aninlet of the patient interface 110 (e.g., nose and mouth mask) and thesecond end 120(2) may be adapted to engage the outlet of the PAP device.As illustrated, the conduit 120 may wrap around the patient's neck.Also, a headgear strap 140 may pass over the patient's head and engagerespective sides of the patient interface 110 to further support thepatient interface in position.

In FIG. 3, the conduit 220 wraps around the patient's head, below theears and over the patient's mouth. The conduit 220 includes an end220(2) adapted to engage the outlet of the PAP device. Also, the conduit220 may be coupled or otherwise communicated with a patient interface210 (e.g., nasal interface) to deliver gas to the patient interface. Inan example, the portion of the conduit 220 covering the patient's mouthmay include one or more openings to deliver gas to the patient's mouth.Alternatively, the portion of the conduit covering the patient's mouthmay act as a mouth seal.

In FIG. 4, a first end 320(1) of the conduit 320 may be adapted toengage an inlet of the patient interface 310 (e.g., nasal prong/nozzlearrangement) and the second end 320(2) may be adapted to engage theoutlet of the PAP device. As illustrated, the conduit wraps around thepatient's head below the ears. Also, a headgear strap 340 may pass overthe patient's head and engage the conduit to further support the patientinterface and conduit in position.

In FIG. 5, a first end 420(1) of the conduit 420 may be adapted toengage one side or inlet of the patient interface 410 (e.g., nose andmouth mask) and a second end of the conduit (not visible) may be adaptedto engage the other side or inlet of the patient interface. The conduit420 wraps around the patient's head so it extends along the patient'scheeks and under their ears to the back of their head. A second conduit422 is communicated with the conduit 420 to deliver gas to the conduitand hence the patient interface, i.e., second conduit 422 includes afirst end 422(1) adapted to engage the conduit 420 and a second end422(2) adapted to engage the outlet of the PAP device. Also, a headgearstrap 440 may pass over the patient's head and engage the conduit 420 tofurther support the patient interface and conduits in position.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a pair of air delivery conduits communicatedwith the patient interface. As illustrated, a first cuff or end 520(1)of each conduit 520 may be adapted to engage a respective end or inletof the patient interface 510 (e.g., nasal prong/nozzle arrangement) andthe second cuff or end 520(2) may be adapted to engage a respective endof a manifold 515 communicated with the outlet of the PAP device viaanother air delivery conduit. In this example, each conduit 520 isadapted to extend from adjacent to or under the patient's nose, over thepatient's cheeks, between the patient's eye and ear, and terminate atthe crown of the patient's head.

In another example, a pair of air delivery conduits may be provided witheach conduit directly connected to the PAP device, e.g., positioned onthe patient's head in use. For example, the first end of each conduitmay be adapted to engage a respective end or inlet of the patientinterface and the second end may be adapted to engage a respectiveoutlet of the PAP device.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be structured to extendfrom the inlet of the patient interface, over the nose and between thepatient's eyes, and to a manifold or PAP device positioned adjacent thecrown of the patient's head.

In examples, the conduit(s) may be symmetrical on the patient's head(e.g., extend from both sides of the patient interface), or theconduit(s) may be asymmetrical on the patient's head (e.g., extendingfrom only one side of the patient interface).

Also, while the air delivery conduit is described as being implementedinto a CPAP system of the type described above, it may also beimplemented into other tubing arrangements for conveying gas or liquid,such as ones associated with life support ventilation. That is, the CPAPsystem is merely exemplary, and aspects of the present technology may beincorporated into other suitable arrangements.

Conduit Materials and Properties

As noted above, examples of the disclosed technology relate to conduitheadgear structured to be worn on the patient's head in use and at leastpartially support the patient interface in a desired position on thepatient's face in use. As such, examples of the disclosed technology aredirected towards air delivery conduits that are comfortable, occlusionresistant, kink resistant, and/or low cost. For example, the airdelivery conduit may be sufficiently comfortable to lie on and adaptedto provide a supply of air at pressure when a portion is being lain onby the patient.

Also, examples of the disclosed technology relate to air deliveryconduits that include three-dimensional shaping to provide minimalassembly complexity, minimal possibility of occlusion by kink, and/orout-of-box intuitiveness (e.g., shape holding, easy to fit and adjustwith little or no adjustment). For example, the air delivery conduit mayinclude structural integrity or a self-holding form so it holds theconduit's shape, e.g., shape memory, whether the conduit is on or offthe patient's head.

In addition, examples of the disclosed technology relate to air deliveryconduits that are formed of one or more materials that provide intimateand comfortable contact with the patient's face. For example, the airdelivery conduit may be a textile conduit or a conduit including one ormore portions with textile in its construction. However, the conduit mayinclude one or more portions constructed of other suitable materials,e.g., silicone, foam, etc.

Conduit Manufacturing Examples

The air delivery conduit may be manufactured in alternative manners.

For example, the air delivery conduit may be molded and then strippedfrom a long core, e.g., injection molding, LSR or compression molding.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be blow molded.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be dip molded, e.g.,use silicone, polyurethane or synthetic polyisoprene.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed usinghydroformed thermoplastics.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed by extrusion,e.g., silicone. In an example a continuous extrusion process may be usedwith hot air vulcanizing ovens to thermally cure the conduit.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed by twistedextrusion.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed using woventextile (e.g., surgical grafts). In an example, three-dimensional wovenfabrics may be fabricated by modifying the conventional weavingmechanism. They may be produced in two methods which can also be used inconjunction dependant on the required outcome, e.g., the first method isto develop substantially thick fabrics through layering and the secondmethod is to produce a fabric form by shedding and weft insertionhorizontally and vertically. Advantages of three-dimensional weavinginclude: weaving into a three-dimensional shape or form; shape can becomplex; and/or may include some form of lamination or support structureto maintain shape or air holding capability.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed using spacerfabric. Spacer fabrics feature two complementary slabs of fabrics with athird layer tucked in between. The third or inner layer can take on avariety of shapes including tubes. The specific arrangement of the thirdlayer can provide for a level of cushioning usually nonexistent in twodimensional fabrics. Advantages of spacer fabrics include: no laminationrequired if the spacer fabric is coated and/or has a secondary finish;pliable and flexible; can retain original shape; can build in airpermeability; stability and/or stretch depending on materials chosen;and/or insulating.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed as a knittedtube. Although commonly known as knitted or woven tubing, the correctterm for seamless fabric tubing is circular or weft knit fabrics. Weftknitting uses one continuous yarn to form courses, or rows of loops,across a fabric. There are three fundamental stitches in weft knitting:plain-knit, purl and rib. On a machine, the individual yarn is fed toone or more needles at a time. Weft knitting machines can produce bothflat and circular fabric. Circular machines produce mainly yardage butmay also produce sweater bodies, pantyhose and socks. Advantages ofknitted tubing include: the diameter can be varied along the length ofthe tube; and/or no seam to irritate the patient.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed using bondedfilm bladders (e.g., TPU films, silicone films, welded, glued). Airbladders are manufactured primarily through the methods of die orultrasonic cutting, thermoforming, and RF welding. Advantages of bondedfilm bladders include: can be formed into a three-dimensional shape;transparent materials available; and/or low cost.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed using bondedfilm bladders (e.g., TPU films, silicone films, welded, glued) plustextiles. Air bladders are manufactured primarily through the methods ofdie or ultrasonic cutting, thermoforming, and RF welding. This methodcan be completed in conjunction with fabric lamination to producepolyurethane coated fabrics. Advantages of combining bonded filmbladders and textiles include: can be formed into a three-dimensionalshape; transparent materials available; low cost; and/or textile outerfor comfort.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed using films,e.g. polyurethane (PU), TPU, TPE, polypropylene or any other polymersubstrate.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed using coatedfabrics. Coated fabrics consist of woven and non-woven cloth with acoating or resin applied to the surface or saturated into the bulk ofthe material to provide some additional property such as water or airimpermeability. In an example, the cloth may be coated with silicone,parylene—these may have a very thin wall section.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed using foam.Thermoforming is a method of processing flat material such as polyesteror nylon into a finished three-dimensional shape. The process beginswith fabric laminated to one or both sides of foam. The laminate is thenplaced in a two-piece mold to form the necessary shape. Heat andpressure are applied, permanently molding the laminate into the desiredsemi-rigid product. In an example, silicone or polyurethane may be used.An advantage of a foam air delivery includes no seam.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed usingthermoformed fabrics. Thermoformed fabrics differ in that they arefabrics which have been impregnated with stabilizing resins and apolymetric blend of duro and thermo plastics. It is these qualitiesrather than the deformation of an adhered laminate which allowthermoformed fabrics to assume their shape. In an example, the conduitcould also be laminated. The fabric may be joined using thermal bondingor RF welding for example.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed usingnon-woven fabrics. Non-woven fabric is a fabric-like material made fromlong fibers, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solventtreatment. The term is used in the textile manufacturing industry todenote fabrics, such as felt, which are neither woven nor knitted.Advantages of non-woven fabrics include: can be formed in a somewhatthree-dimensional shape; may be air holding; and/or possible to havemultiple lumens.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may be formed using braidedtubing. Braided hoses are one of the most commonly used types of hoseson the market today. Braided hoses are considered versatile reinforcedhoses, with different sizes and configurations of braided hoses beingused around the home, in medical applications, manufacturing plants andin municipal utility systems. Advantages of braided tubing include:flexible but highly kink resistant; and/or can be shaped using heat.

In another example, the air delivery conduit may include heat shrinktubing.

Headgear Strap Examples

As noted above, one or more headgear straps may be provided to furthersupport the patient interface and/or air delivery conduit(s) in positionon the patient's head.

The one or more headgear straps may be manufactured in alternativemanners.

For example, the one or more headgear straps may be thermoformed,ultrasonically die cut and welded.

In another example, the one or more headgear straps may be molded.

In another example, the one or more headgear straps may includeultrasonically die cut and welded stretch textile.

In another example, the one or more headgear straps may includethree-dimensional woven textile (e.g., surgical grafts, high-performancesportswear).

In another example, the one or more headgear straps may include acombination of tubular woven textiles (e.g., socks, vascular grafts) andfabricated or thermoformed sections.

Patient Interface Examples

As noted above, the patient interface is adapted to form a seal with thepatient's face. In an example, the patient interface includes a frameand a patient contacting portion (e.g., a cushion) adapted to contactthe patient's face and form a seal or otherwise form an interface withthe patient's face.

The patient contacting portion may be manufactured in alternativemanners.

For example, one or more portions of the patient contacting portion maybe constructed of textile.

In another example, one or more portions of the patient contactingportion may be constructed of textile over silicone.

In another example, one or more portions of the patient contactingportion may be constructed of textile over silicone and gel.

In another example, one or more portions of the patient contactingportion may be constructed of foam.

In another example, one or more portions of the patient contactingportion may be constructed of textile over foam.

In another example, one or more portions of the patient contactingportion may be constructed of foam over TPU/E, PU, polypropylene orother polymeric substrate. In such example, the patient contactingportion may be overmolded to the frame.

In another example, one or more portions of the patient contactingportion may be constructed of textile over TPU/E, PU, polypropylene orother polymeric substrate.

In another example, one or more portions of the patient contactingportion may be constructed of textile over a bladder.

In another example, one or more portions of the patient contactingportion may be constructed of three-dimensional woven textile.

In another example, one or more portions of the patient contactingportion may be constructed of silicone.

In another example, one or more portions of the patient contactingportion may be constructed of TPU/E, PU, polypropylene or otherpolymeric substrate.

ALTERNATIVE EXAMPLES

In an alternative example, an inline muffler may be provided to the airdelivery conduit, e.g., to eliminate or reduce conducted noise.

In an alternative example, one or more heatable elements may beincorporated into the air delivery conduit (e.g., heatable elementsincorporated into a textile conduit) to create a humidified tube.

In an alternative example, one or more additives may be provided to theair delivery conduit, e.g., additives provided to textile conduit.Exemplary additives include additives that impart cool touch; antimicrobial properties; and/or stain resistance.

In an alternative example, an exhalation resistor may be provided to theair delivery conduit, e.g., to boost therapy pressure on exhalation.

In an alternative example, the conduit may be structured as a heatexchanger. For example, a first conduit may transfer gases from thepatient to an exhalation port. The exhaled gases may heat a copper wire.A second conduit may be positioned adjacent the first conduit with thecopper wire positioned between the first and second conduit. The secondconduit may transfer gases from a flow generator to the patient. Thecopper wire, having been heated from the exhaled gases, may then alsoheat the gases from the flow generator to the patient thereby warmingthe air for the patient to breathe in.

In a further example, the conduit may be provided with a filter. Thefilter may be constructed of a textile. The filter may be integrallyformed with the conduit.

Air Delivery Conduit

The following provides alternative examples of an air delivery conduit.

1. Elastomer Conduit and Textile Cover

FIGS. 6 and 7 show conduit headgear according to an example of thedisclosed technology. In this example, each air delivery conduit 520 isin the form of a non-heated tube including a relatively softthree-dimensional elastomer conduit or tube 525 and a textile cover 530that substantially encloses the elastomer tube 525. However, it shouldbe appreciated that the conduit may be adapted for use as a heated tube.

The elastomer tube 525 may be formed by any of the manufacturing methodsnoted above, e.g., blow molding, film, extrusion. As illustrated, theelastomer tube is contoured or curved along its length to more closelyfollow a curvature of the patient's face in use and to orient andposition ends of the tube for connection between the patient interfaceand manifold. For example, the tube is contoured to extend from adjacentto or under the patient's nose, over the patient's cheeks, between thepatient's eye and ear, and terminate adjacent the crown of the patient'shead.

The elastomer tube 525 may include a generally cylindrical or ellipticalcross-sectional shape. However, other suitable cross-sectional shapesare possible, e.g., generally D-shaped cross-section. Thecross-sectional shape of the elastomer tube 525 may at least partiallydetermine the shape of the cover 530 that encloses the tube.

The wall thickness of the tube may be substantially constant or may varyalong its length and/or may vary around its perimeter. For example, asshown in FIG. 7, one end portion of the tube 525 can be relativelythicker or wider than the remainder of the tube.

Also, each end of the tube 525 includes a cuff or thickened bead portion526 to facilitate attachment of the conduit to the patient interface,manifold, etc.

The textile cover 530 may slide, wrap, and/or be otherwise positionedaround the outside of the elastomer tube 525. The textile cover 530 mayfurther comprise elements adapted to provide structural rigidity to thetube e.g. the textile cover 530 may comprise a reinforcing element suchas a helix or ribbing.

As illustrated, a backstrap portion 545 extends from the cover 530 andis adapted to cooperate with the backstrap portion of the other airdelivery conduit to form a back strap adapted to wrap around the back ofthe patient's head to support the patient interface in position (e.g.,see FIG. 6). The back strap portions of the air delivery conduits may bereleasably and adjustably connected to one another in any suitablemanner, e.g., hook and loop material, ladder lock, etc. In an example,the back strap may assist in providing a sealing force for the patientinterface.

The back strap portion 545 (e.g., constructed of textile) may beintegrally formed in one piece with the textile cover 530.Alternatively, the back strap portion may be formed separately andattached to the cover by stitching, welding, or other suitable process.Also, the back strap portion may be formed separately and removablyattached to the cover, e.g., the back strap portion may be loopedthrough the cover.

2. Textile and Film Laminate

FIGS. 8 to 15 illustrate an air delivery conduit 620 according toanother example of the disclosed technology. In this example, the airdelivery conduit 620 includes first and second conduit portions 621, 622that cooperate to form the conduit, i.e., first conduit portion providesa portion of the conduit circumference and the second conduit portionprovides the remaining portion of the conduit circumference. In theillustrated example, the first and second conduit portions aresymmetrical, however it should be appreciated that the conduit portionsmay be asymmetrical.

Each conduit portion 621, 622 includes an inner layer of a film laminate650 that forms an interior surface of the conduit and an outer layer ofa textile or fabric 655 that forms an exterior surface of the conduit.In an example, the film laminate is a polyurethane or medical gradefilm, and the textile is a thermoformable fabric.

The film laminate 650 is applied to the fabric 655 (FIG. 11), and thenthe fabric and laminate are both thermoformed to create symmetricalcomplementary shapes (FIG. 12), i.e., conduit portions 621, 622. Duringthe thermoforming process, the laminate adheres to the fabric giving itair impermeable properties. The two conduit portions 621 and 622 canthen be seam welded as shown in FIG. 13 (e.g., RF weld to couple theconduit portions) and then ultrasonically die cut as shown in FIG. 14(e.g., to remove seam edges) to create an air tight textile conduit. Inuse, such a conduit keeps its form in the absence of external force.However, the conduit is also collapsible and, when sufficient externalforce is applied, the conduit collapses. The form holding andcollapsible features are particularly useful in the configuration shownin FIG. 6 which includes two conduits 520, one on each side of thepatient's head. While both conduits maintain their form in the absenceof external force, when the patient is lying in bed and turns to oneside, the respective conduit conveniently collapses, thus improvingpatient comfort. The remaining conduit maintains the air supply to thepatient interface 510. The conduit may also be air impermeable.

In an example, as shown in FIG. 8, the air delivery conduit may includea tab portion 629 providing a slot 629(1) to allow attachment of a backstrap.

In a further alternative, the textile or fabric may be sealed by meansother than a film laminate. For example, the textile or fabric may besealed by spraying on a polymeric substance, such as silicone, or apowder that is then heated to congeal and create an impermeable barrier.

3. Blow Molded

FIGS. 16 to 21 illustrate an air delivery conduit 720 according toanother example of the disclosed technology. In this example, the airdelivery conduit 720 is formed by blow molding to form a conduit that iscontoured or curved along its length to more closely follow a curvatureof the patient's face in use and to orient and position ends of theconduit for connection, e.g., between a patient interface and amanifold. In blow molding, material is extruded into a mold, and thenair is pushed through the material to create the conduit.

As illustrated, one end 720(1) of the conduit 720 includes a cuff orthickened bead portion 726 and the opposite end 720(2) includes aportion 727 of reduced thickness, e.g., to facilitate attachment of theends to the patient interface, manifold, etc.

As shown in FIG. 21, the conduit 720 includes a generally ellipticalcross-sectional shape. However, other suitable cross-sectional shapesare possible, e.g., cylindrical, generally D-shaped cross-section. In anexample, as shown in FIG. 21, d1 along the major axis is about 15-25 mm,e.g., 18.9 mm or 19 mm, and d2 along the minor axis is about 5-15 mm,e.g., 9.4 mm or 9 mm.

In an example, the overall length of the tube d3 (FIG. 18) is about250-300 mm, e.g., 284 mm, and the overall width of the tube d4 (FIG. 19)is about 50-100 mm, e.g., 87 mm.

In an example, multiple materials or a similar material with differenthardnesses may be extruded to achieve varying stiffness of the conduit.For example, as shown in FIG. 22, the conduit includes a first portion821 of the conduit circumference constructed of a softer material (e.g.,50-60 Shore A hardness) and a second portion 822 of the conduitcircumference constructed of a harder material (e.g., 80 or more Shore Ahardness). However, it should be appreciated that the conduitcircumference may be divided into any suitable number of harder/softerportions in any suitable arrangement.

The positioning of the portions along the circumference as well as therelative size of the portions may vary, e.g., depending on applicationand/or patient comfort. For example, the harder material may bepositioned on a patient contacting side of the conduit to maintain theshape of the conduit. Alternatively, the harder material may bepositioned on the non-patient contacting side of the conduit to aid incomfort.

4. Crush Resistant Film and Fabric Thermoform

FIGS. 23 to 25 illustrate an air delivery conduit 920 according toanother example of the disclosed technology. In this example, the airdelivery conduit 920 includes a tube 925 and textile cover portions 931,932 that substantially enclose the tube 925. The textile cover portions931, 932 may be formed separately to the tube 925 and slipped, wrappedor otherwise attached to the tube 925. The tube and/or nodules may bemade from one or a combination of elastomers such as polyurethane,thermoplastic elastomers, or other material that is preferably able tobe welded and/or blow molded. The textile cover portions 931, 932 mayalternatively be formed with the tube 925 prior to the tube 925 beingthermoformed into shape. For example, a textile may be laminated, coatedor otherwise formed with a polymeric substance to form a compositematerial. This composite material may then be thermoformed or otherwiseformed to create the nodules as described below.

The tube 925 is a thermoformed tube having a flat or non-cylindricalcross-section with anti-crush or occlusion resistant nodules or ribs 928to provide crush resistance to the tube. The nodules may be shaped todecrease air resistance or impedance in the tube.

In FIGS. 23 to 25, the tube 925 is generally rectangular including anupper wall 925(1) with two downwardly extending nodules 928, a lowerwall 925(2) with two upwardly extending nodules 928, and opposing sidewalls 925(3) connecting the upper and lower walls. As illustrated, thedownwardly and upwardly extending nodules are aligned and engaged withone another. Each nodule includes rounded edges, e.g., to decrease airresistance. It should be appreciated that the tube may include anysuitable number of nodules (e.g., one, two, three, or more) along theupper wall and lower wall, and the nodules may be aligned and/or offsetfrom one another. In addition, the nodules may include other suitableshapes and may be arranged along the upper and/or lower walls in othersuitable manners, e.g., symmetrically and/or asymmetrically arranged.Alternatively, only one of the walls may provide one or more nodulesadapted to engage the other of the walls.

FIGS. 28 to 31 show alternative configurations of the nodules, e.g.,though the section line shown in FIG. 26. In FIG. 28, each nodule 928-1includes a generally frusto-conical configuration. In FIG. 29, eachnodule 928-2 is in the form of a rounded protuberance. In FIG. 30, eachnodule 928-3 includes a box-like configuration. In FIG. 31, each nodule928-4 includes a generally frusto-conical configuration, and only asingle nodule is provided between the upper and lower walls, i.e.,nodule only extends from one of the walls towards the other of thewalls.

FIGS. 32 to 37 illustrate alternative configurations of the nodulearrangement along a length of the tube, e.g., through the section planeshown in FIG. 27. In FIG. 32, the nodule arrangement includes box-likenodules 928-5 aligned in rows and columns along the length of the tube.In FIG. 33, the nodule arrangement includes cylindrical or ellipticalnodules 928-6 aligned in rows and columns along the length of the tube.In FIG. 34, the nodule arrangement includes cylindrical and/orelliptical nodules 928-7 of different sizes arranged irregularly alongthe length of the tube. In FIG. 35, the nodule arrangement includesgenerally frusto-conical nodules 928-8 aligned in rows and columns alongthe length of the tube. In FIG. 36, the nodule arrangement includesrectangular nodules 928-9 of different sizes arranged to extend parallelto the longitudinal axis of the tube. In FIG. 37, the nodule arrangementincludes rectangular nodules 928-10 of different sizes arranged toextend transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tube.

Referring back to FIG. 25, first and second textile cover portions 931,932 cooperate to form a cover for the tube 925, i.e., first textilecover portion provides a cover for a portion of the tube circumferenceand the second textile cover portion provides a cover for the remainingportion of the tube circumference. The textile cover portions may beconstructed of a laminated fabric (e.g., TPE, TPU) each of which may bethermoformed to create its shape and then the textile cover portions maybe seam welded to couple the textile cover portions.

Such conduit 920 is occlusion resistant (due to the nodules providingstructural support to the tube passage), air impermeable, and formholding in use.

5. Substrate Reinforced Film and Fabric Thermoform

FIGS. 38 to 40 illustrate an air delivery conduit 1020 according toanother example of the disclosed technology. Similar to the conduitdescribed above, the air delivery conduit 1020 includes first and secondconduit portions 1021, 1022 that cooperate to form the conduit, and eachconduit portion 1021, 1022 includes an inner layer of a film laminate1050 (e.g., polyurethane or medical grade film) and an outer layer of atextile or fabric 1055 (e.g., synthetic or specified fabric). The filmlaminate is applied to the fabric, the fabric and laminate are boththermoformed to create symmetrical shapes, i.e., a conduit portion, andthen two of the conduit portions are seam welded (e.g., RF weld tocouple the conduit portions) and then ultrasonically die cut (e.g., toremove seam edges) to create an air tight textile conduit.

Moreover, a rigid substrate, or semi-rigid substrate (including forexample polypropylene, nylon), structure, support, or preform 1060 isinserted into the conduit (i.e., post RF welding/fabric joining) inorder to provide crush resistance and form. The substrate 1060 alsoprovides an opportunity for the integration of cuffs and fittings in thesubstrate, e.g., mold a patient interface connector (e.g., cuff 1060(1))or clip to an end of the rigid substrate, as shown in FIG. 40-1.

In the illustrated example, as best shown in FIG. 38, the substrate 1060includes a central base 1062 and upper and lower generally curved arms1063, 1064 extending from respective sides of the base. In anotherexample, as shown in FIG. 41, a substrate 1160 includes a series of bodyportions 1162 connected by alternating sets of lateral links 1163 andcentral links 1164. The alternating links 1163,1164 are designed toprovide structural support to the substrate 1160 in both the horizontaland vertical directions, while at the same time providing flexibility.

In yet another example shown in FIGS. 42 and 43, a substrate 1260includes two support members 1262 connected by a first wave member 1263and a second wave member 1264. The first and second wave members have amatching or mirror image sinusoidal shape and are connected to eachsupport member 1262 at opposite points so as to provide a space betweenthe wave members 1263,1264 that will function as an air passageway. Thewave members 1263,1264 are described as having an identical shape;however, one skilled in the art would recognize that the wave memberscould have different shapes while still managing to provide an airdelivery conduit that is crush-resistant and suitable for deliveringpressurized gas. Any suitable number of wave members could also beconnected between the support members 1262. Intermediate support members1262 could also be provided.

A plurality of struts 1265 may extend between and connect the first 1263and second 1264 wave members to provide structural support.

The substrate may have other suitable arrangements to provide crushresistance and form. Such conduit 1020 is air impermeable, form holding,and allows two-dimensional material processing.

FIGS. 44 to 50-2 illustrate an air delivery conduit 1320 according toanother example of the disclosed technology. Similar to the conduitdescribed above with regard to FIG. 38, the air delivery conduit 1320includes first and second conduit portions 1321, 1322 that are welded(e.g., RF welded) together to form the conduit. The conduit portionscould have flanges 1321(1),1322(1) on opposite sides to provide weldpoints. The conduit portions may further be ultrasonically die cut(e.g., to remove seam edges). Each conduit portion 1321, 1322 includesan inner layer of a film laminate (e.g., polyurethane or medical gradefilm) and an outer layer of a textile or fabric (e.g., synthetic orspecified fabric).

A wire substrate 1360 is inserted into the conduit to provide crushresistance and form. The wire substrate is in the form of a coil and canbe made of stainless steel or any other suitable material. Each end ofthe wire substrate 1360 has a plurality of closed coils forming an endportion 1360(1) of the wire substrate, as shown in FIGS. 49 and 50-1. Inthis example, the end portion 1360(1) includes 3 closed coils.

A first cuff 1371 is attached to a first end of the wire substrate and asecond cuff 1371 is attached to a second end of the wire substrate. Thefirst cuff 1371 has a neck portion 1371(1) at a first end which engagesone end portion 1360(1) of the wire substrate for securing the firstcuff thereto. A connecting portion 1371(2) is provided at a second endof the first cuff 1371 and has a narrowing profile for connecting to apatient interface and/or a manifold. A flange 1371(3) separates the neck1371(1) and the connecting portion 1371(2).

A second cuff 1372 has a neck portion 1372(1) at a first end whichengages the other end portion 1360(1) of the wire substrate for securingthe second cuff thereto. A connecting portion 1372(2) is provided at asecond end of the second cuff 1372 for connecting to a patient interfaceand/or a manifold. A retaining wall 1372(3) and a clip member 1372(4)are disposed on an interior portion of the second cuff. The wiresubstrate 1360 is secured to the second cuff 1372 by clamping a portionof the wire substrate between the retaining wall 1372(3) and the clipmember 1372(4). The first cuff 1371 may also have a retaining wall andclip member. Further, the cuffs 1371,1372 may be made of plastic or anyother suitable material.

Referring to FIGS. 45, 47 and 48, in an example, d1 may be about 585-880mm, e.g., 733.20 mm, d2 may be about 550-850 mm, e.g., 700 mm, d3 may beabout 0.9-1.6 mm, e.g., 1.25 mm, d4 may be about 20-40 mm, e.g., 30.40mm, d5 may be about 1.6-2.4 mm, e.g., 2 mm, and d6 may be about 12-20mm, e.g., 16 mm. Additionally, the thickness of the neck 1371(1) may beabout 0.9-1.6 mm, e.g., 1.25 mm.

In an example, as shown in FIG. 50-1, d1 may be about 5-9 mm, e.g., 7mm, and d2 may be about 9.5-15.5 mm, e.g., 12.5 mm. Further, in anexample, the length of the wire substrate 1360 may be similar to thedistance d2 in FIG. 45.

Referring to FIG. 50-2, in an example, d1 may be about 20-28 mm, e.g.,23.9 mm, d2 may be about 9-13.8 mm, e.g., 11.4 mm, d3 may be about0.5-1.1 mm, e.g., 0.8 mm, and the radius of curvature at d4 may be about3.45-7.45 mm, e.g., 5.45 mm.

The conduit 1320 is air impermeable and form holding in use.

6. Non-Woven Tube

FIGS. 51 and 52 show an air delivery conduit 1120 according to anotherexample of the disclosed technology. In this example, the conduit isconstructed of non-woven fibers (e.g., lightweight hydroentangled(spunlaced) fabrics) and includes an internal cavity 1123 filled withone or more particles (e.g., gels, waxes, cosmetics, detergents, and/orsolid particles) to provide crush resistance and form. As illustrated,the particles may define one or more passages or lumens 1124 through theconduit. In an example, the exterior surface of the conduit may becoated.

7. Spacer Fabric

FIGS. 53-1 to 53-3 and 54 show an air delivery conduit 1220 according toanother example of the disclosed technology. In this example, the airdelivery conduit 1220 includes a tube 1225 constructed of spacer fabricsand textile cover portions 1231, 1232 (e.g., laminated fabric) thatsubstantially enclose the tube. Laminated fabric in cohesion with spacerfabrics provides a crush resistant textile conduit. Such conduit iscrush resistant, air impermeable, form holding, and includes possiblein-built filtering qualities.

First and second textile cover portions 1231, 1232 cooperate to form acover for the tube 1225, i.e., first textile cover portion provides acover for a portion of the tube circumference and the second textilecover portion provides a cover for the remaining portion of the tubecircumference. The textile cover portions 1231, 1232 may be constructedof a laminated fabric (e.g., an inner layer of a film laminate 1250(e.g., polyurethane or medical grade film) and an outer layer of atextile or fabric 1255 (e.g., synthetic or specified fabric)), each ofwhich may be thermoformed to create its shape and then the textile coverportions may be seam welded to couple the textile cover portions.

The tube 1225 is constructed of spacer fabrics including one or moreouter layers 1225(1) (e.g., first and second layers) that cooperate toform the wall of the tube and an inner layer 1225(2) (e.g., third layer)supported within the internal passage provided by the one or more outerlayers. The tube includes a relatively flat or non-cylindricalcross-section with the inner layer providing an anti-crush or occlusionresistant structure. The inner layer may define one or more passages orlumens through the tube.

The tube 1225 may be made with upper and lower layers 1225(1) and aninner layer 1225(2) as shown in FIGS. 53-2 and 53-3. Preferably, theinner layer 1225(2) my have a width that is less than the upper andlower layers 1225(1) such that the upper and lower layers 1225(1)overhang the inner layer 1225(2) as shown by the arrows 1225(3). Theupper and lower layers 1225(1) may then be squeezed together as shown bythe arrows 1225(4) and stitched together at 1225(5) to form a conduit ortube such that the inner layer 1225(2) is enclosed within the upper andlower layers 1225(1). It should be appreciated that the upper and lowerlayers may be connected by means other than stitching 1225(5).

The inner layer 1225(2), also known as the pile, may have a density. Thedensity may be varied to alter the stiffness and/or flow impedance ofthe tube. For example, the density may be high to ensure the tube isstiff enough to resist crush and/or kink forces. The density may be lowto ensure the impedance of the air running through the tube is lowenough to prevent significant pressure losses.

The structure of the inner layer or pile 1225(2) may be systematic ormethodical, such as an even spread of threads. Alternatively, thestructure of the inner layer or pile 1225(2) may be random ordisorderly.

The tube 1225 may be thermoformed in order to impart a shape on thetube. For example, the tube 1225 may be constructed of or include in itsconstruction a heat deformable material such as a polymer (for examplenylon, polypropylene), such that when it is heated, it may be altered inshape and maintain that shape when cooled.

FIGS. 55 to 71 illustrate alternative configurations of a fabric tube.The fabric tube may be constructed of a spacer fabric. Alternatively,the fabric may be a woven or non-woven fabric tube adapted to receive atube i.e. the fabric may be a sock or a sleeve.

In FIG. 55, the inner layer of the spacer fabric 1225-1 provides agrid-like internal passage. In an example, as shown in FIG. 45, d1 maybe about 8-12 mm, e.g., 9.5 mm, d2 may be about 8-12 mm, e.g., 10 mm,and d3 may be about 30-50 mm, e.g., 40.5 mm.

In FIGS. 56-61, the inner layer of the spacer fabric 1225-2 has a piledensity that varies along the width of the spacer fabric such thatchannels 1225(6) are provided in less dense areas. In the example shown,four channels are provided. However, any suitable number of channels1225(6) can be provided in order to optimize airflow and/or structuralintegrity. The spacer fabric may be composed of nylon and/or polyester,or any other suitable materials.

The spacer fabric can be coated with a layer of silicone to make thespacer fabric airtight, as shown in FIGS. 56 and 57. Alternatively, asshown in FIG. 58-61, the spacer fabric 1225-2 could have flanges 1225(7)on opposite sides to provide weld points for fabric laminate sheets1231,1232. In an example, as shown in FIG. 56, d1 may be about 8-12 mm,e.g., 9.5 mm, d2 may be about 8-12 mm, e.g., 10 mm, and d3 may be about30-50 mm, e.g., 40 mm. Further, in an example, the length of the spacerfabric 1225-2 may be about 150-2500 mm, e.g., 300 mm, 670 mm, or 2000mm.

In FIG. 62, the inner layer of the spacer fabric 1225-3 includesgrid-like internal walls that define three generally rectangular lumens1225(8) though the tube. However, the inner layer may define anysuitable number of lumens with other suitable shapes, e.g., one, two,four or more lumens. In an example, as shown in FIG. 62, d1 may be about8-12 mm, e.g., 9.5 mm, d2 may be about 8-12 mm, e.g., 10 mm, and d3 maybe about 30-50 mm, e.g., 42 mm. The width d4 of each lumen may be about5-10 mm, e.g., 6.7 mm, and the width d5 of an internal wall defining thelumens may be about 5-10 mm, e.g., 6 mm, as shown in FIG. 62. Inalternative examples, one or more of the lumens can have widths and/orheights that are different from those of the other lumens.

In FIGS. 63-68, the spacer fabric 1225-4 has a plurality of channels1225(6) separated by occlusion resistant columns 1225(9) and shearresistant diagonals 1225(10) of spacer pile. The spacer fabric may becomposed of nylon and/or polyester, or any other suitable materials. Oneskilled in the art would recognize that any suitable number of channels1225(6), columns 1225(9) and diagonals 1225(10) may be provided in orderto optimize airflow and/or structural integrity. The spacer fabric canbe coated with a layer of silicone to make the spacer fabric airtight,as shown in FIGS. 63 and 64. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 65-68, thespacer fabric 1225-4 could have flanges 1225(7) on opposite sides toprovide weld points for fabric laminate sheets 1231,1232. In an example,as shown in FIG. 63, d1 may be about 8-12 mm, e.g., 9.5 mm, d2 may beabout 8-12 mm, e.g., 10 mm, d3 may be about 30-50 mm, e.g., 40 mm, d4may be about 2.7-5 mm, e.g., 3.85 mm, and d5 may be 8-12 mm, e.g., 9.5mm. Further, in an example, the length of the spacer fabric 1225-4 maybe about 150-2500 mm, e.g., 300 mm, 670 mm, or 2000 mm.

In FIG. 69, the inner layer of the spacer fabric 1225-5 includesrelatively thin internal walls that define three lumens 1225(11) throughthe tube. However, the inner layer may define any suitable number oflumens with other suitable shapes. In an example, as shown in FIG. 69,d1 may be about 20-40 mm, e.g., 29.5 mm, d2 may be about 0.1-0.5 mm,e.g., 0.25 mm, d3 may be about 5-10 mm, e.g., 9.5 mm, d4 may be about2-10 mm, e.g., 4.75 mm, the radius of curvature at d5 may be about 3-7mm, e.g., 5 mm, and the radius of curvature at d6 may be about 3-7 mm,e.g., 4.75 mm.

In FIG. 70, the spacer fabric 1225-6 is in the form of three adjoinedcylindrical lumens 1225(12). However, the spacer fabric may define anysuitable number of lumens with other suitable shapes. In an example, asshown in FIG. 70, d1 may be about 20-40 mm, e.g., 29.5 mm, the radius ofcurvature at d2 may be about 3-7 mm, e.g., 5 mm, and the radius ofcurvature at d3 may be about 3-7 mm, e.g., 4.75 mm.

In FIG. 71, the inner layer of the spacer fabric 1225-7 includesgrid-like internal walls that define three generally cylindrical lumens1225(13) through the tube. However, the inner layer may define anysuitable number of lumens with other suitable shapes. In an example, asshown in FIG. 71, d1 may be about 8-12 mm, e.g., 10 mm, d2 may be about0.1-0.5 mm, e.g., 0.25 mm, d3 may be about 30-50 mm, e.g., 40.5 mm, theradius of curvature at d4 may be about 3-7 mm, e.g., 4.75 mm, d5 may beabout 2-6 mm, e.g., 3.8 mm, and d6 may be about 1-5 mm, e.g., 2.2 mm.

8. High Density Fabric Cover

FIGS. 72-76 show an air delivery conduit 1420 according to anotherexample of the disclosed technology. In one example, the air deliveryconduit 1420 includes a fabric cover 1440 constructed of a warp-knittedfabric having a high fabric density. The fabric cover may be composed ofnylon and/or polyester, or any other suitable materials. The fabriccover 1440, as shown in FIGS. 72 and 74, includes an internal wall1440(1) which provides separate channels 1440(2) for conveyingpressurized gas. In the illustrated example, a single internal wall1440(1) is provided thereby creating two channels 1440(2). However, anysuitable number of channels can be provided by employing additionalinternal walls 1440(1). In an example, d1 may be about 8-12 mm, e.g.,9.5 mm, d2 may be about 20-40 mm, e.g., 30 mm, d3 may be about 0.3-0.7mm, e.g., 0.5 mm, and the radius of curvature at d4 may be about 3-7 mm,e.g., 5 mm. Further, in an example, the length of the fabric cover 1440may be about 150-2500 mm, e.g., 300 mm, 670 mm, or 2000 mm.

In another example, a fabric cover 1440-1, as shown in FIGS. 73 and 75,is formed by knitting two adjoining cylindrical shapes, thereby formingchannels 1440(2). One skilled in the art would recognized that anysuitable number of cylindrical shapes could be formed, and further thatthe channels 1440(2) could be formed by other shapes. Further, thecross-sectional shapes and/or dimensions of the channels may vary fromchannel to channel. As shown in FIG. 76, the fabric cover 1440-1 canassume a substantially flat configuration when either no air or a smallamount of air is being conveyed through the fabric cover. The ability ofthe fabric cover 1440-1 to change form is advantageous for storing andtransporting the fabric cover. In an example, d1 may be about 10-18 mm,e.g., 14 mm, d2 may be about 0.3-0.7 mm, e.g., 0.5 mm, d3 may be about0.3-0.7 mm, e.g., 0.5 mm, and the radius of curvature at d4 may be about4.5-8.5 mm, e.g., 6.5 mm. Further, in an example, the length of thefabric cover 1440-1 may be about 150-2500 mm, e.g., 300 mm, 670 mm, or2000 mm.

9. Integrated One-Piece Composite

FIGS. 77-1 to 77-2 illustrate a process of forming an air deliveryconduit according to another example of the disclosed technology. In theexample shown in FIG. 77-1, a textile substrate may be provided with asupport structure 1540 to form an integrated one-piece compositeself-supporting textile conduit 1520. The textile substrate ispreferably a fabric that is air-resistant or completely air-tight (e.g.,may include film laminate or air-tight layer). The support structure1540 may comprise a rib structure including one or more rib formations.

Several methods may be used to form the support structure 1540 on thetextile substrate 1530 and to form the textile substrate into the airdelivery conduit 1520. For example, a rigid or semi-rigid rib structuremay be overmolded onto the textile substrate 1530, and the textilesubstrate may be formed into a conduit during or after the overmoldingprocess. The support structure 1540 may be formed of a polymer.

In another example, the textile substrate 1530 may be inserted into arelatively flat tool and a support structure may be molded in a patternon top of the substrate to provide a level of controlledflexibility/rigidity. The support structure may include a series ofparallel ribs, a half-helix, etc. Even with the addition of theovermolded support structure 1540, the textile substrate remains asubstantially flat two-dimensional structure which can be rolled orfolded into a tubular structure. Opposing edges may then be connected toform a side seam, thus forming the conduit 1520.

Referring particularly to FIG. 77-1, the textile substrate is combinedwith the support structure 1540 which includes a plurality of parallelribs. The support structure 1540 comprises a stiffer or slightly thickermaterial than the textile substrate. The ribs are formed to extendsubstantially transversely to a common axis, which may or may not beassociated with a longitudinal axis of the substrate (or portion of thesubstrate). In addition to overmolding, the support structure 1540 mayalso be formed by attaching (e.g., by adhering, bonding, gluing, orstitching) thin slices of a material (e.g., a sheet metal or a polymerrigidizer) to the surface of the fabric. Such material may also besandwiched between an upper and a lower layer of the textile substrate1530.

The textile substrate 1530 including integrated rib structure is thenrolled or folded upon itself, cut and seamed in order to form a tubularconduit structure having a seam 1565, as shown in FIG. 77-1. As a resultof rolling/folding, the ribs form a series of parallel rings spacedalong the length of the conduit 1520, as shown in FIGS. 77-1 and 77-1A.

Referring to FIGS. 77-2 and 77-2A, a process of forming an air deliveryconduit 1520-1 similar to that shown in FIG. 77-1 is illustrated. Incontrast to the conduit 1520, the conduit 1520-1 includes a supportstructure 1540-1 (e.g., ribs) that extends at an oblique angle (e.g.,less than 90°, e.g., 30-90°, e.g., 40-90°, or about 45-90°) with regardsto the common axis that coincides with the longitudinal axis of theintended conduit.

In another example of an air delivery conduit 1520-2, if the ribs areparallel to each other and the angle and the spacing of the ribs aresuitably chosen, upon folding the substrate, the ribs of a supportstructure 1540-2 form a helix-type construction due to the particularangle of the ribs in relation to the direction of the folding orrolling, i.e., an end of a first rib may be aligned with an end of asecond rib, as shown in FIG. 77-2B. The resulting structure may be asingle, double or even triple helix, depending on whether a rib alignswith the end of an adjacent on nonadjacent rib. Arrangements, in whichthe ribs may not be parallel to each other, or may not necessarily bealigned with other ribs, are also possible.

Referring to FIGS. 78-1 and 78-2, a substantially flat textile substratemay be inserted into a tool that has a curved or a three dimensionalshape to perform the overmolding process. During the overmoldingprocess, the textile substrate may also be thermoformed orheat/pressure-affected such that the textile substrate emerges from thetool with an overmolded support structure and the three dimensionalshape of the overmolding tool. A specific desired three dimensionalshape may be beneficial for the further processing of the substrate(e.g., in forming the final conduit structure).

Referring particularly to FIG. 78-1, a thermoformed and overmoldedtextile substrate 1630 includes a series of half-pipe or half-tubeshapes (e.g., series of concave formations 1650 with interspersed planarsections 1660). The support structure 1640 forms a half-helix pattern onan interior of the concave formations 1650.

FIG. 78-2 shows a textile substrate 1630-1 similar to the textilesubstrate 1630 and including a support structure 1640-1, concaveformations 1650-1 and planar sections 1660-1. In contrast to the textilesubstrate 1630, the support structure 1640-1 of the textile substrate1630-1 forms a pattern of parallel raised ribs (lines) on the interiorof the concave formations 1650-1.

Turning to FIG. 78-3, a process of rolling or folding the textilesubstrates 1630, 1630-1 so that two half-pipe shapes can be fusedtogether into a closed continuous pipe-like structure is shown. An airdelivery conduit 1620, 1620-1 may include two similar half-pipe portionsresulting in two distinctive seams 1665, as shown in FIG. 78-4. Theseams may be formed by ultrasonically welding overlapping flanges 1662,or a butt-weld configuration, sewing, seam taping, overlocking,heat-fusing, RF welding, gluing or other suitable methods.

In another example, instead of folding a single substrate onto itself, aplurality of conduits may be formed by aligning two separate substratesagainst each other such that each half-pipe portion of the firstsubstrate is aligned against a respective half-pipe portion of thesecond substrate. The overlapping portions of the adjacently formedconduits may then be seamed as described above in reference to FIG.78-3.

In another example, a closed continuous pipe may be formed with just onedistinctive edge along its length by rolling one half-pipe shape ontoitself and then attaching the long edges together. The folded textilesubstrate may be die-cut and heat-pressed to remove excess material andcreate a seam join 1765, as shown in FIG. 78-5. This single seem join1765 of the conduit 1720 is more discreet and hidden, as opposed tobeing raised on the outer surface of the conduit in the manner of theseam 1665 in FIG. 78-4.

Turning to FIG. 79-1, an air delivery conduit 1820 including a textile1830 formed into a tubular shape and a support structure 1840 adhered(e.g., by overmolding) to the textile is shown. The support structure1840 provides structural integrity (e.g., support and resistance todeformation) and controlled flexibility to the textile 1830. The supportstructure may comprise a polymer overmolded onto the flexible substrate.The support structure includes a spine 1842 and a plurality of ribs 1844extending from the spine 1842. The length of the ribs as well as thespacing between the ribs may be modified to obtain a desired level ofrigidity, support, flexibility and/or resistance to deformation. Asshown in FIG. 79-1, the support structure 1840 is situated on anexterior surface of the textile 1830.

Referring to FIG. 79-2, an air delivery conduit 1920 includes a textile1930 and a support structure 1940. The support structure 1940 includes aspine 1942 and a plurality of ribs 1944. The conduit 1920 is similar tothe conduit 1820 except that the ribs 1944 extend down to the flanges1962 which form the side seam of the conduit 1920. This arrangementprovides enhanced compression-resistance and control of the conduitshape.

In another example, the support structures 1840, 1940 could be formed onan internal surface of the textiles 1830, 1930.

Referring to FIG. 80-1, a process of forming an air delivery conduitaccording to another example is shown. A base textile substrate 2030having a first melting temperature may have support elements 2035 of arelatively lower melting temperature embedded therein to form a supportstructure 2040 by application of heat. For example, the meltingtemperature of nylon, which may form the base fabric, may be between220° C. and 265° C., whilst the melting temperature of polypropylene,which may form the embedded element, may be between 160° C. and 165° C.Such embedded support structure 2040, when thermally processed, mayprovide rigidity, controlled flexibility and/or compression resistancefor example. The textile substrate 2030 may comprise a flexible textileincluding primarily fibres/yarns or a sheet material of a certainmelting temperature. The embedded support elements 2035 may includefibres/yarns of a lower melting temperature. The support elements 2035may include polyester, polypropylene or others. The support elements2035 may be woven, embroidered, weft-inserted, crocheted, braided,felted, fused or knitted into the textile substrate 2030 during or afterthe manufacturing process of the flat textile substrate fabric. Theflexible textile substrate is preferably air-resistant or air-tight andmay include a composite laminate or other textile structure.

The textile substrate 2030 (with the embedded support elements 2035) isthen inserted into a heated tool or flat-plate press. The thermalprocessing causes the support elements 2035, which are of a lowermelting temperature, to fuse together, and create a level of in-builtrigidity within the textile substrate in the form of support structure2040. The fused support elements 2035 are typically more rigid than thetextile substrate 2030 and may be visible on one or both sides of thestructure. Also, after the thermal processing, the fused elements maybecome integral to the overall structure. This embedded textilesubstrate could then be rolled or folded and then seamed/joined alongits long edges to form a compression-resistant flexible tube (in themanner shown in FIGS. 77-1 and 77-2).

In the arrangement shown in FIG. 80-2, each support element 2035-1includes a number of fibres or yarns that are spaced closely togetherand extend substantially parallel to each other along an axis that issubstantially transverse to the longitudinal axis of the substrate 2030.The support elements 2035-1, after thermal processing, form the supportstructure 2040-1. In an alternative arrangement, the yarns may beweft-inserted into the substrate and have a thickness or rigidity thatenables them to provide the necessary supporting function, even withoutthermal processing.

In another example shown in FIG. 80-3, a textile substrate 2130 havingsupport elements 2135 may be inserted into a heated tool which has acurved surface or 3-dimensional shape. Within this tool, the textilesubstrate with the embedded support elements 2135 would be formed into atubular or half-tubular shape and at the same time, the support elements2135 of a lower melting temperature would fuse to each other, creating alevel of in-built rigidity within the tubular, half-tubular or half-pipestructure in the form of support structure 2140. This structure includesconcave formations 2150 and planar sections 2160. The tubular orhalf-tubular structure is then rolled or folded on itself and given anappropriate seam so that an air-resistant or air-tight conduit tube isformed.

While the technology has been described in connection with severalexamples, it is to be understood that the technology is not to belimited to the disclosed examples, but on the contrary, is intended tocover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included withinthe spirit and scope of the technology. Also, the various examplesdescribed above may be implemented in conjunction with other examples,e.g., one or more aspects of one example may be combined with one ormore aspects of another example to realize yet other examples. Further,each independent feature or component of any given assembly mayconstitute an additional example. In addition, while the technology hasparticular application to patients who suffer from OSA, it is to beappreciated that patients who suffer from other illnesses (e.g.,congestive heart failure, diabetes, morbid obesity, stroke, bariatricsurgery, etc.) can derive benefit from the above teachings. Moreover,the above teachings have applicability with patients and non-patientsalike in non-medical applications.

What is claimed is:
 1. A mask assembly for providing a supply ofbreathable gas at positive pressure, in a range of 2-30 cm H₂O, to apatient for treatment of sleep disordered breathing, the mask assemblycomprising: a patient interface adapted to form a seal with a patient'sface; a pair of conduits adapted to deliver breathable gas to thepatient interface, each conduit being adapted to, in use, extend along arespective side of the patient's head from a position adjacent thepatient's nose, between the patient's ear and eye, to a position on topof the patient's head, each conduit having a bottom portion configuredto engage the patient interface and a top portion in fluid communicationwith a supply of breathable gas; and a back strap adapted to extendaround a back of the patient's head between each conduit to support thepatient interface in position on the patient's face, wherein eachconduit has a wall that extends from the bottom portion to the topportion, wherein each wall has a thickness that varies along the lengthof the conduit, and wherein, in a cross-sectional view of each conduit,a thickness at every point around a perimeter of the cross-section ofeach wall at a first location along the length of the respective conduitis different than any thickness around a perimeter of the cross-sectionof the wall at a second location along the length of the conduit.
 2. Themask assembly of claim 1, wherein the patient interface is a nasal mask.3. The mask assembly of claim 1, wherein each conduit comprisessilicone.
 4. The mask assembly of claim 1, wherein the patient interfacecomprises silicone.
 5. The mask assembly of claim 1, wherein the backstrap comprises a textile material.
 6. The mask assembly of claim 1,wherein a length of the back strap is selectively adjustable.
 7. Themask assembly of claim 1, wherein each conduit includes a tab portionhaving a slot to receive a respective end of the back strap.
 8. The maskassembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of the conduits has a conduitwidth at one end thereof that is greater than a conduit width along aremainder of the respective conduit.
 9. The mask assembly of claim 1,wherein an end of at least one of the conduits is wider than acorresponding width of an intermediate portion of the respective conduitthat is between the bottom portion and the top portion of the conduit.10. The mask assembly of claim 1, wherein, in use, each conduit isconfigured to maintain its form in the absence of external force, and tocollapse under external force due to the patient rolling onto theconduit.
 11. The mask assembly of claim 10, wherein, when one of theconduits is in a collapsed condition, the other conduit is configured tomaintain air supply to the patient interface, in use.
 12. The maskassembly of claim 1, wherein each conduit has a generally D-shapedcross-section.
 13. The mask assembly of claim 1, wherein each conduithas a curvature along it length configured to follow the patient's face.14. The mask assembly of claim 1, further comprising an air supplyoutlet adapted to connect to the supply of breathable gas, wherein thetop portion of each conduit is connected to the air supply outlet. 15.The mask assembly of claim 14, further comprising a cuff provided to atleast one of the top portion and the bottom portion of each conduit tofacilitate attachment of the respective conduit to at least one of thepatient interface and the air supply outlet.
 16. The mask assembly ofclaim 1, further comprising a reinforcing element provided to the wallof each conduit to provide rigidity to the respective conduit.
 17. Themask assembly of claim 1, wherein, in a cross-sectional view, each wallhas a thickness at a first location along a perimeter of the respectiveconduit that is different than a thickness of the wall at a secondlocation along the perimeter of the conduit.
 18. The mask assembly ofclaim 1, further comprising an air supply outlet adapted to connect tothe supply of breathable gas, wherein the top portion of each conduit isconnected to the air supply outlet, wherein the patient interface is anasal mask, wherein patient interface comprises silicone, wherein alength of the back strap is selectively adjustable, and wherein eachconduit includes a tab portion having a slot to receive a respective endof the back strap, wherein an end of at least one of the conduits iswider than a corresponding width of an intermediate portion of therespective conduit that is between the bottom portion and the topportion of the conduit, wherein, in use, each conduit is configured tocollapse under external force due to the patient rolling onto theconduit, and wherein, when one of the conduits is in a collapsedcondition, the other conduit is configured to maintain air supply to thepatient interface, in use, wherein each conduit has a generally D-shapedcross-section, and wherein each conduit has a curvature along its lengthconfigured to follow the patient's face.
 19. The mask assembly of claim1, wherein an end portion of each conduit has a wall thickness, in across-sectional view, that is greater than a wall thickness of theremaining length of the conduit, wherein each conduit has a generallyD-shaped cross-section, wherein the patient interface is a nasal mask,wherein patient interface comprises silicone, and wherein a length ofthe back strap is selectively adjustable.
 20. The mask assembly of claim1, wherein an end of each conduit has a width, in a cross-sectionalview, that is wider than a corresponding width of an intermediateportion of the conduit that is between the bottom portion and the topportion of the conduit, wherein each conduit has a generally D-shapedcross-section, wherein the patient interface is a nasal mask, whereinpatient interface comprises silicone, wherein a length of the back strapis selectively adjustable, and wherein each conduit includes a tabportion having a slot to receive a respective end of the back strap. 21.The mask assembly of claim 1, wherein, in a cross-sectional view, eachwall has a thickness at a first location along a perimeter of therespective conduit that is different than a thickness of the wall at asecond location along the perimeter of the conduit, wherein an end ofeach conduit has a width, in a cross-sectional view, that is wider thana corresponding width of an intermediate portion of the conduit that isbetween the bottom portion and the top portion of the conduit, whereineach conduit has a generally D-shaped cross-section, wherein the patientinterface is a nasal mask, wherein patient interface comprises silicone,wherein a length of the back strap is selectively adjustable, andwherein each conduit includes a tab portion having a slot to receive arespective end of the back strap.
 22. The mask assembly of claim 1,wherein the bottom portion of each conduit includes a cuff to facilitateattachment of each conduit to the patient interface.
 23. The maskassembly of claim 1, further comprising at least one textile cover thatsubstantially encloses the pair of conduits.
 24. The mask assembly ofclaim 23, wherein the cover comprises a reinforcing element to providerigidity to the pair of conduits.
 25. The mask assembly of claim 23,wherein the back strap is integrally formed with the cover.
 26. The maskassembly of claim 23, wherein the back strap is removably attached tothe cover.
 27. The mask assembly of claim 1, further comprising at leastone textile cover that substantially encloses the pair of conduits,wherein the cover comprises a reinforcing element to provide rigidity tothe pair of conduits, and wherein the back strap is removably attachedto the cover.
 28. The mask assembly of claim 1, wherein the firstlocation along the length of each conduit is located at an end portionof the respective conduit.
 29. The mask assembly of claim 1, wherein thethickness around a perimeter of the cross-section of each conduit, atany point along the length of the conduit, is constant.
 30. The maskassembly of claim 1, wherein the thickness around a perimeter of thecross-section of each conduit, at the first location and the secondlocation, is constant.